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Objective To investigate the prevalence of Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection in market-sold and field-captured snails in Fujian Province, so as to provide the scientific basis for the formulation of the angiostrongyliasis control measures. Methods In each month from May to October during the period from 2017 through 2021, Pomacea snails were collected from two field fixed surveillance sites and Bellamya aeruginosa collected from one agricultural product market in Fuzhou City, while Pomacea and B. aeruginosa snails were collected from two agricultural product markets and four restaurants in Xiamen City. At least 50 Pomacea snails and 500 g B. aeruginosa were sampled each time. A. cantonensis infection was detected in Pomacea snails using lung microscopy, and in B. aeruginosa using a tissue homogenate method. Results A total of 9 531 Pomacea snails were detected for A. cantonensis infection in two cities of Fuzhou and Xiamen, and the overall prevalence of A. cantonensis infection was 4.40%, with the highest prevalence in 2017 (6.82%, 116/1 701) and the lowest prevalence in 2019 (3.46%, 83/2 400). The prevalence of A. cantonensis infection was significantly higher in Pomacea snails sampled from Fuzhou City (11.23%, 326/2 903) than from Xiamen City (1.40%, 93/6 628) (χ2 = 461.48, P < 0.01). A. cantonensis larvae were detected in larval Pomacea snails in two cities of Fuzhou and Xiamen each month. The prevalence of A. cantonensis infection in Pomacea snails appeared an overall tendency towards a rise with month in Fuzhou City, with the highest prevalence in October (15.24%), and there was a significant difference among month (χ2 = 14.56, P < 0.05), while the prevalence of A. cantonensis infection in Pomacea snails was low in Pomacea snails sampled from Xiamen City each month, with the highest prevalence in June (2.64%), and there was a significant difference among month (χ2 = 23.17, P < 0.05). A total of 18 966 B. aeruginosa snails were detected for A. cantonensis infection in two cities of Fuzhou and Xiamen, and the overall prevalence of A. cantonensis infection was 0.01%. Conclusions A. cantonensis infection was identified in Pomacea and B. aeruginosa snails in Fujian Province from 2017 to 2021, and there is a potential risk of human A. cantonensis infection.
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Objective To investigate the prevalence of Anisakis infection in marine fishes in Eastern Fujian Fishing Ground of Fujian Province, so as to provide insights into the development of the anisakiasis control strategy.. Methods Marine fish samples were randomly collected from Jiaocheng District, Fuding City and Xiapu County around Eastern Fujian Fishing Ground in Fujian Province from September to December, 2021. All fishes were dissected, and the abdominal contents were collected. Parasites were sampled under a stereomicroscope and the Anisakis species were identified through morphology. The prevalence and intensity of Anisakis infections were calculated. Results A total of 177 marine fishes belonging to 24 species were dissected, and Anisakis was detected in 73 marine fishes (41.2%) belonging to 16 species (66.7%), with a mean infection intensity of 14.3 parasites per fish. High prevalence of Anisakis infection was found in Ilisha elongata (5/5), Miichthys miiuy (3/3), Plectorhynchus cinctus (2/2), Scomberomorus niphonius (12/13), Trichiurus lepturus (19/23), Pennahia argentata (6/11) and Ditrema temmincki (14/27), with mean infection intensities of 9.2, 2.7, 4.5, 10.9, 39.2, 4.5 parasites per fish and 2.1 parasites per fish. The Anisakis larvae were characterized as Anisakis and Hysterothylacium. Conclusions High prevalence of Anisakis infection is detected in marine fishes in Eastern Fujian Fishing Ground of Fujian Province. The health education pertaining to food health is required to be reinforced to prevent the development of human anisakiasis.
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OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the gene polymorphisms of patients with lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic syndrome in Longyan area, Fujian province.@*METHODS@#A total of 125 patients with lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic syndrome in Longyan, Fujian province, admitted to Longyan First Hospital from May 2017 to November 2020 were selected. Peripheral venous blood was collected from all the patients, and the genotypes of perforin 1 (PRF1) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene loci were detected by PCR-fluorescence probe method, and the correlation between PRF1 and IL-10 gene polymorphisms and lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic syndrome was analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The mutation frequencies of PRF1 gene loci rs885821 (C>T), rs885822 (C>T), rs1889490 (G>A) in patients with lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic syndrome were 10.40%, 78.8% and 64.4%, respectively. The mutation frequencies of rs1800872 (A>C), rs1800871 (C>T) and rs1800896 (G>A) of IL-10 loci were 56.0%, 45.2% and 77.6%, respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#PRF1 and IL-10 gene loci were polymorphic in patients with lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic syndrome in Longyan area, Fujian province. Alleles C and G of PRF1 and IL-10 were risk factors, and alleles T and A were protective factors.
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Humans , Genotype , Interleukin-10/genetics , Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic/genetics , Lymphoma/genetics , Perforin/genetics , Polymorphism, GeneticABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the diagnosis and treatment of two imported cases with schistosomiasis haematobia, so as to provide insights into improving the diagnosis and treatment and avoiding misdiagnosis and mistreatment of imported schistosomiasis haematobia. Methods The medical records and epidemiological data pertaining to the two cases were collected. The stool and urine samples were collected for identification of Schistosoma eggs using the Kato-Katz technique and direct smear method after centrifugal precipitation, and blood samples were collected for detection of anti-Schistosoma antibody. Following definitive diagnosis, the patients were given praziquantel therapy. Results The patient 1, a Malagasy, was infected in Madagascar and returned to China for delivery. The case presented intermittent painless terminal hematuria symptoms, and showed no remarkable improvements following multiple-round treatments in several hospitals. In January 2017, she was found to be positive for anti-Schistosoma antibody, negative for feces test, and positive for S. haematobium eggs in urine test, and miracidia were hatched from eggs. Then, the case was diagnosed as schistosomiasis haematobia. Patient 2 worked in Republic of Malawi for many years, and presented intermittent painless terminal hematuria since October 2018; however, no definite diagnosis or effective treatment was received after admission to multiple hospitals. In March 2019, pathological examinations showed a number of eggs in the interstitium of the bladder mass, accompanied by a large number of eosinophils, which was consistent with schistosomiasis cystitis. In April 2019, he was tested positive for serum anti-Schistosoma antibody, negative for the fecal test, and had S. haematobium eggs in urine samples, with miracidia hatched from eggs. Then, the case was diagnosed as schistosomiasis haematobia. Following treatment with praziquantel at a dose of 60 mg/kg, all symptoms disappeared. Conclusions Overseas imported schistosomiasis haematobia is likely to be misdiagnosed. The training pertaining to schistosomiasis control knowledge requires to be improved among clinical professionals, in order to avoid misdiagnosis and mistreatment.
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Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria cases in Fujian Province from 2014 to 2018, so as to provide scientific basis for the development of the control strategy for imported malaria. Methods The epidemiological data of malaria cases in Fujian Province from 2014 to 2018 were retrieved from the Notifiable Disease Reporting System and Parasitic Disease Information Reporting System of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and the classification, origin of infections, temporal distribution, spatial distribution, population distribution, reporting institutions and diagnosis were analyzed. Results A total of 540 overseas imported malaria cases were reported in Fujian Province from 2014 to 2018, and all cases were laboratory-confirmed, including 398 cases with falciparum malaria, 88 cases with vivax malaria, 38 cases with ovale malaria, 14 cases with malariae malaria and 2 cases with mixed infections. There were 90.56% (489/540) of the imported malaria cases with infections in 27 African countries, 5.92% (32/540) with infections in 5 Asian countries and 3.52% (19/540) with infections in one Oceania country. There was no significant seasonal distribution of the cases, and the imported malaria cases were predominantly detected in Fuzhou City (80.00%, 432/540) and at ages of 20 to 49 years (81.48%, 440/540). Initial diagnosis was predominantly at the city-level medical institutions, and 77.96% (421/540) were diagnosed as malaria at the initial diagnosis institutions. The median duration from onset to initial diagnosis was 2 days and 70.19% (379/540) were diagnosed within 3 days of onset. The interval between initial diagnosis and definitive diagnosis was 0 day, with 85.37% (461/540) definitively diagnosed within 3 days of initial diagnosis. Conclusions Overseas imported malaria is a continuous problem challenging the malaria elimination programme of Fujian Province. Improving the healthcare-seeking awareness and the diagnostic capability of healthcare workers, and intensifying the monitoring and management of malaria among overseas labors are strongly recommended.
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Objective To investigate the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infections among neonates in Fujian Province, so as to provide insights into the development of interventions for the prevention and control of congenital toxoplasmosis. Methods A total of 1 045 neonates delivered in Fujian Province from 2017 to 2018 were recruited, including 387 preterm infants and 658 full-term infants. Umbilical cord blood was sampled from all neonates, and the seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG antibody was detected and compared between preterm and full-term infants. In addition, elbow venous blood samples were collected from neonates’mothers, and the seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG antibody was detected and compared between preterm and full-term infants’mothers. Results The overall seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG antibody was 9.38% among the 1 045 neonates in Fujian Province. The seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG antibody was 18.35% in the 387 preterm infants, and there was no significant difference in the seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG antibody between male and female infants (17.69% vs. 18.75%, χ2 = 0.07, P > 0.05). The seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG antibody was 4.10% in the 658 full-term infants, and there was no significant difference in the seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG antibody between male and female infants (4.14% vs. 4.08%, χ2 = 0, P > 0.05). In addition, the overall seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG antibody was 15.02% in all neonates’ mothers, and the seroprevalence was significantly greater in preterm infants’mothers than in full-term infant’s mothers (20.93% vs. 11.55%, χ2 = 16.79, P < 0.01). Conclusions The seroprevalence of T. gondii infections is significantly higher in preterm infants and their mothers than in full-term infants and their mothers. Prenatal detection of T. gondii infections and health education pertaining to toxoplasmosis prevention and control knowledge are required to be strengthened to effectively reduce the incidence of congenital toxoplasmosis.
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Active exploration for building a model of medical alliances fitting local needs, proves imperative for the functional positioning of medical institutions, promoting inter-institutional cooperation and enhancing the capacity of primary medical services. The authors described experiences and insights of the No.1 Affiliated Hospital and the People′s government of Quangang District in their partnership, and building a brand new model of medical alliance between a hospital and a local government. Also presented are characteristics of such a model, and analysis of operational data in benefiting the people. They held that such a partnership is a worthy attempt in the healthcare reform, by means of building medical alliances between local government and provincial hospitals. Such a practice can provide valuable references for promoting government-hospital synergy, elevating primary healthcare capacity and advancing the hierarchical medical system.
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Objective@#To compare such supply structure differences of health resources as number of beds and manpower at medical institutions of different types, and to analyze the extent and direction of the health resources supply in affecting the growth of medical expenses.@*Methods@#Clustering analysis was used to cluster health resources indicators in Fujian province. The hierarchical regression model was used to estimate the impact of such factors as population, social economy and health resource supply structure on medical cost growth. All the sample data were logarithmically processed to eliminate the influence of different index measurement units on the analysis results.@*Results@#The clustering indicators of health resources were classified into two categories: basic and quality health resources indicators. The per capita GDP had a positive impact on the per capita total hospital expenses(β=0.228, P<0.05), and the number of basic beds had a negative impact on the per capita total hospital expenses(β=-0.719, P<0.001). The increase in basic bed allocation had a significant effect on reducing the total cost of hospitalization per capita, but the regression results of quality health resources were generally not significant.@*Conclusions@#From the perspective of supply-side reform policy, the supply structure of health resources should be in line with the growth level of medical expenses, and the control of medical expenses should be strengthened. The government should strengthen the pertinence in the selection and target of health resource investment to ensure the sustainable and healthy development of health care.
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Objective To compare such supply structure differences of health resources as number of beds and manpower at medical institutions of different types,and to analyze the extent and direction of the health resources supply in affecting the growth of medical expenses.Methods Clustering analysis was used to cluster health resources indicators in Fujian province.The hierarchical regression model was used to estimate the impact of such factors as population,social economy and health resource supply structure on medical cost growth.All the sample data were logarithmically processed to eliminate the influence of different index measurement units on the analysis results.Results The clustering indicators of health resources were classified into two categories:basic and quality health resources indicators.The per capita GDP had a positive impact on the per capita total hospital expenses (β =0.228,P ＜ 0.05),and the number of basic beds had a negative impact on the per capita total hospital expenses (β =-0.719,P ＜ 0.001).The increase in basic bed allocation had a significant effect on reducing the total cost of hospitalization per capita,but the regression results of quality health resources were generally not significant.Conclusions From the perspective of supply-side reform policy,the supply structure of health resources should be in line with the growth level of medical expenses,and the control of medical expenses should be strengthened.The government should strengthen the pertinence in the selection and target of health resource investment to ensure the sustainable and healthy development of health care.
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Development of medical alliances is an important step and institutional innovation to deepen the healthcare reform.The authors analyzed the practice and experience in Fujian Provincial Hospital in this regard, and discussed the confusion and difficulties faced in the process.On such basis, they raised such proposals as transforming conception of the people, forming a multi-departmental coordination mechanism and policy superposition effect, building a sound medical alliance assessment system, and clarifying information construction standards, hence developing a new era of hierarchical medical system by means of developing medical alliances.
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OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of "adjusting structure and vacating space" of the transparent medicines procurement basing health insurance reimbursement standards, through comparing medicines consumption structure of health insurance designated health facilities of Fujian province. And to generate evidence as well as to propose recommendations for policy improvement and experience promotion. METHODS: Based on the 2016 and 2017 provincial medicines pooled procurement database, adopting the pivot table statistical functions of EXCEL software, the consumption value and value in proportion of Class and Ⅱ chemical products (Fujian provincial medicines procurement list therapeutic classification for chemical products), as well as active pharmaceutical ingredients, consumption value and volume (standardized units in tablet/bottle/vial) of originator and generics were analyzed and compared. The consumption value of Class formulations of traditional Chinese medicines (Fujian provincial medicines procurement list therapeutic classification for formulations of traditional Chinese medicines) was also analyzed and compared. RESULTS: Nearly 2.38 billion yuan procurement budget was saved in 2017 through adjustment of the medicines procurement list in Fujian province. There were a certain changes of the consumption structure of medicines. The procurement value of adjuvant and nutraceutical medicines dramatically reduced. The procurement value of medicines for treatment of chronic diseases like hypertension and cancers significantly increased. The procurement volume of generics started to surpass that of the originator, and showed potential competitiveness of generic substitution. However, the originator still dominated the market of quite a number of medicines. Prices of both generics and originators decreased. CONCLUSION: The effect of “adjusting structure and vacating space” has been demonstrated. Fully implementation of the health insurance reimbursement standards will make the above effect more apparent. To promote effective generic competition, Fujian should set the same health insurance reimbursement standard for originator and its generics (quality and efficacy validated) to promote generics substitution.
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OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for guaranteeing safety and rationality of pediatric medication. METHODS:Questionnaire survey was designed to investigate and analyze the cognition,attitude and behavior of parents on pediatric medication safety in urban area of Fujian province. RESULTS:Totally 1 405 questionnaires were sent out,and 1 326 were effectively received with effective rate of 94.38%. The education level of the respondents was high,and the respondents with college degree or above accounted for 57.92%. The total monthly income was also high,the respondents with monthly income of 4 000 yuan or above accounted for 61.61%. The correct answer rates of the respondents about pediatric medication safety was above 55%,but the lowest correct rate of 3 questions was only 13.73%,14.25% and 23.83%,respectively. The average score of cognition was (13.92 ± 2.80). The scores of low educational background,low monthly income and farmers were relatively low (P＜0.01). 97.06% of the respondents had trouble or difficulty in giving children drugs;the frequency of choice for children who didn’t cooperate with medication due to the taste or dosage was 29.83%;14.58% of the respondents didn’t know the accurate dosage;12.13% lacked of pediatric medication guide. 11.37%of the respondents thought that there was no drug for child specific use or not enough child-specific varieties;when children suffered from common diseases,the majority of respondents would choose municipal level or above hospitals and community health service,accounting for 49.55% and 15.46%. 85.22% of respondents had the experience of giving drug to their children by themselves. As to medication information,10.94% of respondents hold that"wanted to know but did not have the channel"and 47.66%"would read when had opportunity". 40.05% of the respondents sometimes took the initiative to consult doctor or pharmacist about pediatric medication attention,but 19.60% of respondents took little or no initiative to that. For main sources of the respondents accessing to pediatric medication guidance,the frequency of choosing doctors was 65.53%,and that of choosing pharmacists was 20.31%. 61.09% of respondents wanted to get the medication education from doctors,while 19.76% from pharmacist. Information on pediatric medication information when the respondents visited doctors and purchased drugs were also relatively simple,and were mainly about the usage and dosage. CONCLUSIONS:At present,it is common for parents to give drug to children by themselves in Fujian province. But the cognition,attitude and behavior on medication safety of children still remain to be improved. There are shortcomings in the publicity and education of knowledge and information,and the pediatric pharmaceutical care functions of pharmacists have not been fully embodied. At the same time,the development and production of children specific drugs need to be strengthened,and the information about pediatric medication in drug instructions should be standardized and improved.
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OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the further improvement of centralized drug procurement in China. METHODS:By retrieving Suggestions on Improving the Drug Centralized Purchase of Public Hospitals issued by State Council in 2015 and drug centralized purchase policy document issued by provinces (regions,cities),the development of drug quantity purchasing mode was investigated. The mode of drug purchase in cities of representative Fujian province was analyzed. RESULTS& CONCLUSIONS:As of Aug. 31st,2017,city-level quantity purchasing mode was implemented in 12 provinces (regions, cities). Specific mode included taking the form of medical partnerships as the main body [taking cities as unit,taking cities as unit+hospital,only one medical partnership in the region or city] and taking the form of the types of negotiated drugs as main body [negotiated price for network drugs in provinces (regions,cities),negotiated price for the whole variety]. 7 cities of Fujian province announced procurement programs,quotation and bargaining rules were formulated and entered the procurement stage. Relative departments should actively promote drug quantity purchasing mode in regions or cities and also pay attention to the relationship of drug price with the quality of drugs,the purchase amount of drugs and the payment of purchase loans,the"second bargaining""third bargaining"and so on.
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Objective To learn the present development and comprehensive reform of county-level general hospitals in Fujian province.Methods Questionnaires were used to survey the development of 59 county-level general hospitals in 2013 and 2016 in the province. The study covered such aspects as basic profile, number of beds, human resources, service capacity, department setup and medical technology development among others. These data were replenished by information from the service capacity survey data collection system for county-level hospitals of the National Health and Family Planning Commission. The data so acquired were subject to descriptive statistics. Results 59 such hospitals had made developments and progress to various extents in terms of the number of beds, human resources, medical service capacity, department setup and medical technology development. Compared with those in 2013, their beds, employees, and number of inpatients and outpatients had grown by 3. 78% , 12. 24% and 7. 95% respectively. Conclusions These hospitals should, based on scientific planning, appropriately scale up, strengthen their high-caliber talent teams, focus on the development of key technologies and key weak disciplines. These efforts will help develop core competitiveness, and deepen their comprehensive reform.
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Objective To explore the scientific research output of the comprehensive three-A hospitals in Fujian Province,provide reference for the development of deepening medical reform work plan in Fujian Province.Methods The bibliometric method was used to analyze the publication of scientific and technical papers of 24 comprehensive Three-A hospitals in Fujian Province from 2006 to 2015 and the number of projects of each hospital in this decade.Results Compared with the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan",the five-year growth rate of the total number of papers published by 24 hospitals has increased 13.1％ in the "twelfth Five-Year Plan",and increasing rate of SCI papers was 308.7％.The number of publication during the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" was higher than previous one.The total number of publications in recent ten years was keeping increasing.The number of papers published by coastal city hospitals is significantly higher than that of mountain city hospitals.Conclusions The publication of research papers in 24 comprehensive Three-A hospitals in Fujian Province from 2006 to 2015 showed an overall upward trend.Compared with the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan",the research papers have significantly improved both in quantity and quality.The research output of the third-grade class-A hospitals in Fujian Province is regionally strong.It is recommended that the medical and health departments of Fujian Province should pay attention to the scientific research investment of mountainous city hospitals,avoid regional imbalances,strengthen the construction of high-level talents,establish scientific research incentives and promote inter-regional cooperation.
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Objective To discuss the current professionalism of primary medical workers and its interconnections with their hometown identify and job performance. Methods Township health centers of Jianning county in Fujian province were surveyed. The classic Employee Engagement Assessment Tool Gallup Q12 survey was employed, to learn the current professionalism of medical workers at such centers, and the influencing factors as well. Results The average value of engagement of these medical workers is 47.33 points (86% of 55 points as full score). High professionalism is mostly supported by hometown identity and professional identity,but they don't have high momentum and passion in general.Conclusions It is imperative to improve the sense of accomplishment,sense of belongings,and professional well-being of these medical workers,broaden their career development horizons,and establish a reasonable salary system to strengthen their hometown identity and enhance their professional engagement.
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We studied the status of parasite pollution in fish and shrimps in Fujian Province,and provided basis for prevention and control of parasite pollution and food safety in aquatic products.Stratified random sampling method was used,and Fujian Province was divide into Eastern,Southern,Western,Northern and Central five regions of Fujian province.Based on the data collected from the five regions between 2012 and 2016,digestion and compression methods were conducted to detect the levels of parasite metacercariae and larvae in both freshwater and marine products.Results showed that the total parasitoid infection rate was 5.15％ (130/2 524).The infection rate of trematode metacercariae and nematode larvae were 3.72％ (94/2524) and 1.43％ (36/2 524),respectively.Twenty-eight marine aquatic species were investigated and the infection rate was 17.25 ％ (88/510),in the form of Anisakis infection.The parasite infection rates in the five regions were 10.38％ (27/260) in Mindong,5.84％ (27/462) inMinnan,4.63％ (30/648) in Minxi,4.64％ (29/625) in Minbei and 9.91％ (103/1 039) in Minzhong.The freshwater products in Fujian Province have been polluted by parasites and are area-depended.The infection rate of marine aquatic products is kept in a high level.Fujian Province should strengthen the food safety and health publicity,take effective prevention and control strategies,and use early warning mechanisms to insure the food safety in province.
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OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the research and formulation of public health policies for children in the ru-ral area. METHODS:Questionnaire survey was designed to investigate the drug use of children in the township area of Fujian prov-ince using parents of children as subjects. RESULTS:Totally 986 questionnaires were sent out,and 969 were effectively received with effective rate of 98.28%.The education level of the respondents was low,that junior school education or below accounted for 54.49%;the respondents having trouble or difficulty in giving child drugs accounted for 97.85%;the frequency of choice for chil-dren who didn't cooperate with medication due to the taste or dosage was 17.91%;17.91% thought thatthere was not enough child-specific medication or varieties;17.71%didn't know the accurate dosage;when children suffer from common diseases,the majority of respondents would choose town clinics,accounting for 42.83%. Before giving the child drugs for the first time, 50.26% of respondents would read the instruction;16.49% of respondents couldn't understand the instruction;37.67% of respon-dentswould take the initiative to understand children's medication knowledge,22.19%wanted to know but did not have the channel,and 36.12%would read when had opportunity. 28.48%knew the difference of age and body mass in children's medi-cation,but 52.73%only had some understanding. 39.64% wanted to get the medication education from doctors,while 33.77%from pharmacist. Higher education held higher proportion on attention of children's medicine information,the extent of understand-ing children medication difference and the habit of reading drug instructions(P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS:Respondents in the town-ship have much trouble or difficulty in giving children drugs,children medication information is inadequate and inaccurate in pack-age inserts,there are many shortcomings in pharmaceutical care ability of township medical institutions,education and propaganda of rational drug use in children.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the species of wild Chinese medicinal herbs for treating liver diseases in Quanzhou City of Fujian Province.Methods Based on the field investigation combined with literature reference, induction and analysis of the species of wild Chinese medicinal herbs for treating liver diseases in Quanzhou City of Fujian Province have been conducted.ResultsIt was found that there are 59 families, 112 genera, and 132 species of wild Chinese medicinal herbs for treating liver diseases in Quanzhou City of Fujian Province, most of which belong to angiosperm. 15 families, 21 genera, and 21 species are recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 edition). Compositae has the largest number of genera and species (16 genera &19 species), followed by leguminosae (8 genera & 8 species) and labiatae (6 genera & 8 species). Chinese medicinal herbs for heat-clearing and promoting urination and leaching out damp amount to 69 and 20 species respectively. Over 88% of these wild medicinal herbs can be used to treat various liver diseases, and 46 species are used with high frequency. They are mainly taken by water decoction and oral administration.ConclusionWild Chinese medicinal herbs for treating liver diseases in Quanzhou City of Fujian Province are rich in species and resources, and are worth further development and utilization.
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Objective To find out the status of nosocomial infection management in hemodialysis sections, in order to encourage their continuous quality improvement and standardize their management Methods 41 hemodialysis sections with (≥) 3 dialyzers and independent operation were chosen for investigation. On-site investigation and environmental microbiology monitoring combined. Results The higher the level of the hospital, the better the nosocomial infection control in its implementation of the infection control measures. In terms of rules and regulations, incompliant secondary hospitals and private hospitals accounted for 56. 2% of hospitals of the same ranking; in terms of layout and processes, 75% are found incompliant; and various defects are found in the dialyzer reuse management and disinfection in tertiary and lower hospitals. As to hand hygiene of the staff, the incompliance rate is over 55%. As indicated in the results of microbial environment monitoring, the compliance rate of dialysis water is over 90%, that of dialysate is 78.6% ～ 86.2%, and that of hand disinfection is 56.6%～78.6%.Conclusion It is imperative to strengthen the supervision of secondary hospitals and private hospitals,and to train their staff in the knowledge of hand hygiene and nosocomial infection in hemodialysis rooms.Hospitals found with poor infection management will be encouraged to take issue-specific actions for rectification.